Decision Making Cycle - 1030 Words

 § The principles involved in managerial decision making and effective problem solving. The Rational Decision Making emerges from Organizational Behavior. The process is one that is logical and follows the orderly path from problem identification through solution. The Rational Decision Making is a seven step model for making rational and logical reasons: Define the problem The very first step which is normally overlooked by the top level management is defining the exact problem. Though we think that the problem identification is obvious, many times it is not. The rational decision making model is a group-based decision making process. If the problem is not identified properly then we may face a problem as each and every member†¦show more content†¦Once we go through the above steps thoroughly, implementing the fourth step is easy job. These four steps form the core of the Rational Decision Making Model. Other three steps  · Implement the chosen decision  · Evaluate the â€Å"success† of the chosen alternative  · Modify the decisions and actions taken based on the evaluation of step 6. Requirements and limitations However, there are a lot of assumptions, requirements without which the rational decision model is a failure. Therefore, they all have to be considered. The model assumes that we have or should or can obtain adequate information, both in terms of quality, quantity and accuracy. This applies to the situation as well as the alternative technical situations. It further assumes that you have or should or can obtain substantive knowledge of the cause and effect relationships relevant to the evaluation of the alternatives. In other words, it assumes that you have a thorough knowledge of all the alternatives and the consequences of the alternatives chosen. It further assumes that you can rank the alternatives and choose the best of it. The following are the limitations for the Rational Decision Making Model:  · It requires a great deal of time.  · It requires great deal of information  · It assumes rational, measurable criteria are available and agreedShow MoreRelatedPlan-Do-Check-Act Cycle of Decision-Making1177 Words   |  5 PagesPlan-Do-Check-Act Cycle of Decision-Making There are a number of tools and techniques used to make sound business decisions that will help to resolve a particular problem or area that needs improvement. There is not one correct tool or technique to be used for each problem faced and not all are appropriate for all problems. He or she should examine the available tools and techniques and apply one or more than one that will help to resolve the problem faced. One of those tools and techniques is theRead MoreSample Resume : National Diploma Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesquantity. One of the other possible problems is that increase prices may meet consumer resistance and a drop in sales. Reduced quality or quantity will be very quickly noticed by consumers and could also generate resistance and loss of sale. This decision however may be acceptable to the public if it is done in combination with advertising and rebranding of the product. 1.2 The proposal interest rate of 10% per month or 120% per annum indicates that the bank considers the development plans to be veryRead MoreAccounting Information System and Managers Decision Making921 Words   |  4 Pagessuccess of an organisation. The function of the information system is to collect, store and process data into information, through the assistance of a set of interrelated components. The processed information is later distributed to support decision making in an organisation (Oz, 2006). Information system can be decomposed to two main elemental subsystems namely as Accounting Information System (AIS) and Management Information System (MIS). AIS mainly process financial transactions of an organisationRead MoreThe Bet Metric : An Effective And Efficient Product Development Process880 Words   |  4 Pagessooner. 8-21) By utilizing the total-life-cycle costing (TLCC) to product costing companies can manage and identify the cost of producing a product through its whole life cycle from beginning to end. The TLCC allows management to understand the cost incurred in product design and development, manufacturing, marketing, distribution, maintenance, services, and disposal. By understanding these different cost, it allows management to understand how decisions at each stage affect the next stage. ByRead MoreMajor Differences Between A Command Economy And A Market Economy1538 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Market Economies There are many major differences between a command economy and a market economy. To start out with, a command economy is planned, where the government decides the main economic decisions. Next, a market economy is when individuals are free to make their own decisions as they buy and sell products. So between both economies, the command economy is planned and the market economy is free. In conclusion a command economy and a market economy, are two completely different thingsRead MoreInstitutional Model Of An Organization Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesadditionally not been unmistakably notable and represented. It is additionally an exceptionally shortsighted approach in clarifying the elaborate cycle of approaches. It uses valued strategies of welfare financial aspects and different variables like judgement, power, control and institutions which have been disregarded and not seen as major constituents in the approach cycle (Boundless, 2015). 3. Group theory It states that a few groups and lobbyists who have a stronghold on campaigning and the means to influenceRead MoreFree Will And The Human Brain And Our Emotions1507 Words   |  7 Pagesworld and other people. Neurophysiology is going to give rise to every next thought and intention you do. There is nothing that can influence your brain it is all physical processes. With everything that occurs in your life when it comes to decision making is either predictable or random, which leaves no room for free will. If your choices are predictable then humans cant choose to do otherwise, and if it is random we do not get a choice. Determinism is vastly supported more by theories in philosophyRead MoreLeadership in the Movie Apollo 131142 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipation in the decision-making processes of an organization or group, and he is keenly aware of his own behavior at all times. His behavior towards his crew is that of a supportive leader. In fact, he is a leader who is aware that his role can change due to the highly volatile environment hi which he works. For example, his first decision was to replace Ken Mattingly with the rookie back-up Jack Swigert (Kevin Bacon) only days before the initial launch of Apollo 13. His decision was made as a resultRead MoreStrategy, Organizational Design, And Effectiveness1171 Words   |  5 Pages StarCare Organizational Structure Source: Adapted from StarCare Lubbock Local Planning-Appendix A-Organizational Structure. http://www.starcarelubbock.org/About_Us/Local_Plan/(A)%20Org%20Chart.pdf Centralize decision making exists, while information is share both vertically and horizontally. Information technology is superior at StarCare. The CEO has always sought to provide staff when feasible with state of art equipment, including cell phones, laptops, and equipmentRead MoreApproach to Case Study1500 Words   |  6 Pagesan actual administrative situation involving a decision to be made or a problem to be solved. It can be a real situation that actually happened just as described, or portions have been disguised for reasons of privacy. Most case studies are written in such a way that the reader takes the place of the manager whose responsibility is to make decisions to help solve the problem. In almost all case studies, a decision must be made, although that decision might be to leave the situation as it is and do

Why Prison Is Unfit For Civilized Society - 1759 Words

Daniel Pettit II Political Science Professor Grant 29 October 2015 Why Prison is Unfit for Civilized Society Jail time is an extremely serious discipline. JS Mill compared it to being entrusted to a living tomb. Any general public that utilizes it ought to do as such with consideration and restriction. Yet we don t. Halfway in light of the fact that we imagine that jail is an altruistic discipline, it is definitely over-utilized as a part of numerous nations, to the point of remorselessness. Besides coming up short in humankind; jail does not even perform well at the particular capacities by and large asked of a criminal equity framework, to be specific, prevention, retaliation, security, and recovery. We have to rethink our over-dependence on jail, and whether different sorts of discipline even corporal and the death penalty might some of the time be more successful and accommodating. The basic issue with jail time, as Mill noted, is that its seriousness is difficult to envision. All things considered, huge numbers of us every now and again find that what with one thing and another we have spent a whole day inside, and we don t find that we have truly languished over it. It is difficult to envision how it must be to be limited to a little space and slender routine for times of years, or even until death. There is no awesome dramatization to concentrate on. No especially horrible things happen. Only a greater amount of the nothing. Endeavoring to increase our emotionsShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment: The Correct Alternative Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesis immoral, that no person should be sentenced to death, it has no place in a civilized society, and that since the death penalty cannot be racially bias it should be banished. Capital punishment is justified by several means. First of all, it greatly discourages violent crimes like murder and rape. Many murder ers are not serving most--if even half--of their sentences nowadays, due to early parole or overcrowded prisons. If a murderer is sentenced to life imprisonment, not only does it cost the taxpayersRead MoreThree Strikes Law3267 Words   |  14 PagesTHE â€Å"THREE STRIKES† SENTENCING: WHY SHOULD IT BE ABOLISHED? (FINAL DRAFT) Tanisha Tate CRMJ400: Criminology Professor Conis Course Paper: Final February 13, 2011 Tanisha Tate CRMJ400: Criminology Professor Conis Course Paper February 13, 2011 The â€Å"Three Strike† Sentencing The criminal justice issue that has been chosen as the topic on this course project is the â€Å"three strike† sentencing and how it should be abolished. The three strike sentencing was established in 1994 underRead More Male View of Hysteria Presented in The Yellow Wallpaper3352 Words   |  14 Pagessupernatural horror or as a feminist treatise regarding the role of women in society. A close analysis of Gilmans use of symbols reveals The Yellow Wallpaper as her response to the male view of hysteria from ancient times through the nineteenth century. In The Yellow Wallpaper Gilman questions the validity of Hippocratess theory of the wandering uterus and Weir Mitchells rest cure. As she wrote in her essay Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper?, [the story] was not intended to drive peopleRead MoreThe Conflicting Tensions Of The Juvenile Justice System3706 Words   |  15 Pagesmission is to strive for social justice as well as pay â€Å"particular attention to the needs and empo werment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty† (NASW, 1996), it is critical that we look more closely at the reasoning behind why we are still unable to define and follow through with what social justice looks like for these youth 200 years later. While the original intentions of the system was to provide rehabilitation instead of punishment, the implications of working withRead MoreTorture and Custodial Violence in Prisons12554 Words   |  51 PagesViolence in Prisons â€Å" Submitted By- Yashwardhan Pratap Singh 1st year, B.A.LLB Course, Jindal Global Law School, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana. Report on - The Custodial Violence and Torture In Prisons: Can it be justified even if done for a greater good? Where to draw the line between the autonomy of the police and the rights of the prisoners ? Basic Structure – * Human Rights- Importance, protection, NHRC’s role, International law,State, District. Why are they

Teaching Language Acquisition For English As Additional...

Introduction Language empowers a child to express his thoughts and desires, achieve his goals, and form relationships with others. It plays a crucial role in the cognitive, social and emotional development of the child (Berk, 2009). This report will discuss a range of pedagogical practices to support language acquisition for English as Additional Language children in context of early childhood education in Aotearoa New Zealand. Languages in Aotearoa. According to Statistics New Zealand 2013, 25.3% people living in New Zealand are born overseas. This indicates the diversity of ethnicity, culture, and language spoken by the people in New Zealand. Statistics confirm that there are there are more than twenty- five spoken languages in New Zealand; and 90% speakers communicate in English, making it the top spoken language in Aotearoa (Internal Affairs: Te Taari Taiwhenua, n.d.). Given that Aotearoa is a land of diverse cultures, ethnicity and languages and English is the universal language of communication; everyone is urged to learn it. Therefore, the early childhood educators in Aotearoa shoulder the responsibility for English acquisition in children in the early childhood settings who cannot speak or understand the language. Te WhÄ riki (Ministry of Education [MoE], 1996, is the bicultural early childhood curriculum of Aotearoa guides the early childhood educators to provide multiple opportunities for children â€Å"to develop knowledge and understanding of the cultural heritages ofShow MoreRelatedLanguage Acquisition Theories : Behaviorism, Linguistic Nativism, Social Interactionism, And Neurobiological Perspective1580 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent language acquisition theories: behaviorism, linguistic nativism, social interactionism, and the neurobiological perspective. According to Christie and Enz (2011), behaviorist insinuates that nurturing, which is the way a child is taught or sculpted by parents and the surroundings, plays a principal position in children’s language advancement. The nativist perspective is the opposite of the behaviorist perspective; nativists believe every child has an innate ability to ascertain language andRead MoreLanguage Acquisition Is A Theory Created By St ephen Krashen826 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage acquisition is a theory created by Stephen Krashen pertaining â€Å"to the acquisition of the linguistic rules of language† (Manitoba, 2006, p. 14). Krashen agreed that humans are born with a language acquisition device (LAD) that allows them to â€Å"acquire the rules of language† automatically as long as they have â€Å"a plentiful supply of comprehensible input† (Manitoba, 2006, p. 14). Acquisition will inevitably occur if learners are exposed to a sufficient quantity of linguistic messages that theyRead MoreLanguage Acquisition Is The Goal Of Both European And American Educational Systems Essay1494 Words   |  6 PagesLanguage acquisition is the goal of both European and American educational systems. There are differences in approach between the two systems that create a discrepancy in the effectiveness of the education. The American system bases the need for dual language learning on need of students to learn English and the advantages of a second language for well-off students and usually ends by late elementary school. European schools base their entire school system on dual language for all students fromRead MoreChronological Background To Eal Teaching In Schools. Discussion950 Words   |  4 PagesChronological background to EAL teaching in schools Discussion of inclusion and integration of different cultures. This literature review will be organised in chronological order. Firstly, the historical background for research that has taken place into data found from a school census will be considered. Secondly, the current context which research is situated in English schools related to English as an Additional language will be discussed. Thirdly, key terminology will be defined that will beRead MoreTeaching And Learning Process Integrated With Technology931 Words   |  4 PagesReview of Literature Teaching and learning process integrated with technology is not uncommon in this era of teaching. The possibility of providing learners with authentic material is one of the fundamental reasons why technology is brought to classroom settings (Khaeruddin, 2012). Technology can be used to enhance learners learning experience in almost every aspect of English language. Compared to the material in textbooks and traditional language classroom, authentic materials provide broader optionRead MoreHuman Language Is A Wonderful Way With Communicate1420 Words   |  6 PagesHuman language is a wonderful way to communicate. Sometimes I think what this world would be like with any languages. It is even more wonderful that in three fast short years a child can hear, mimic, explore, practice, and, learn language. There is no genetic thing that leads a child to speak English or Spanish or any other language. Language is something person has be to learned. We are born with the capacity to make 40 sounds and our genetics allows our brain to make differences between soundsRead MoreDiscuss How Children with English as an Additional Language (Eal) Can Be Included Within the Daily Mathematics Lesson636 Words   |  3 Pageshow children with English as an Additional Language (EAL) can be included within the daily mathematics lesson 1906833 Table of Contents Front Cover 1 Essay: Part I: discussion: how children with eal can be included in the daily mathematics lesson.. 3-10 Part II: lesson plan to incorporate stategies for eal learners†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦11-15 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.16-17 Appendix 18 E.A.L. stands for English, as an Additional Language. It isRead MoreTeaching And Learning Language At Early Ages1811 Words   |  8 Pages Introducing English as a Second Language to Early Primary School Curriculum in Saudi Arabia Candidacy Exam Salwa Alkhuzay @02686337 znzr@iup.edu solly440@gmail.com 412-706-1122 Abstract Teaching and learning language at early ages is easier than learning it at older ages as Chiswick Miller, (2007) emphasized in their study that proficiency in spoken English decreases with age. With that notion in mind, it comes as a surprise that the English language is introduced so lateRead MoreBasic Language Skills and Language Acquisition and Development845 Words   |  3 PagesPERSONAL REFLECTION AND EXPERIENCE ON BASIC LANGUAGE SKILL USAGE As an education student currently pursuing the I.T. (Information Technology ) Education bachelors degree program, this program has brought to light various issues I had not been aware of regarding language acquisition and development. It is now, with this knowledge, easier to see the language development and acquisition path that I have been subconsciously on. As a child, up until 4 or 5 years old, I lived in MalawiRead MoreEnglish Child Diversity1361 Words   |  6 Pagesthis diversity of the children and families that they serve (Ministry of Education[MoE], 1996; Noonan, 2010). There are many children who start child-care/kindergarten for whom English is not their first/home language (Clarke, 2009). Early childhood professionals working with these children need to actively respond to their needs ensuring that the best support is provided to them with respect to learning and development while fostering and supporting their identity, language and culture (MoE, 2017)

The Hydrogen Bomb The Most Deadly Weapon Ever Created Essay

Emma Brown Ms. Kind-Keppel English 2 15 April 2015 The Hydrogen Bomb-The Most Deadly Weapon Ever Created Speaking on the topic of nuclear weapons, President Truman said, â€Å"I have directed the Atomic Energy Commission to continue its work on all forms of atomic weapons, including the so-called hydrogen or superbomb. Like all other work in the field of atomic weapons, it is being and will be carried forward on a basis consistent with the overall objectives of our program for peace and security† (Bacher 133). Even though he claimed that the hydrogen bomb’s creation would create peace, Truman, after seeing how the Cold War was playing out, demanded the production of the hydrogen bomb in order for the United States to have weapon superiority. This demand sparked a weapons race between the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War, which ultimately led to the crumbling of the Soviet Union. The hydrogen bomb, one of the most destructive weapons ever created, is an American invention that was initially meant to bring peace, ended the Cold War, and its effects are stil l impacting America today. In order to comprehend the importance of the hydrogen bomb in America, one must first understand the cause for its invention. The Cold War, a catalyst for the bombs creation, was fought over the US and USSR’s different beliefs on how a government should function. Russia believedShow MoreRelatedThe Energy Source Of Energy868 Words   |  4 Pagescivilization is working hard to harness energy emitted from a fusion reaction as it could provide an ungodly amount of energy. In addition, the most common fusion reaction is when two atoms of Hydrogen (tritium and deuterium) fuse to form Helium. Luckily, both isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium are found in abundance on the Earth. For example hydrogen isotope deuterium is found in water molecules, while tritium is found in the element lithium. Furthermore, due to the reactions of the two naturalRead MoreThe Treaty Of The Cold War1520 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States used two bombs on Japan, Little Boy and Fat Boy. They were two atomic bombs, the first ones ever really used on another country. They had been dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Being a new thing, every other country wanted one, if not more. They wanted to build them, and put them to use. Russia, having the most people to put to work at the time, was able to figure it out and build one first, however, because of World War II, they were basically on bomb restriction, and couldn’tRead MoreNuclear Weapons And The Atomic Bomb1432 Words   |  6 Pageswith nuclear weapons, the fourth will be fought with bows and arrows† Lord Mountbatten. This quotes, by a famous British Naval Officer, summarizes the threats nuclear weapons present to the entire world. With the development of the atomic bomb during the Second World War, a new war was started: the Cold War. The ideology behind this war continues on to this day and has led to many treaties and other attempts to stop the production and potential use of nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons are a scientificallyRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb2530 Words   |  11 Pagesbeginnings of the Nuclear Age started when Albert Einstein wrote to President Franklin Roosevelt warning him of a dangerous weapon the Nazis had begun researching, known as the atomic bomb. (1) Though, when President Roosevelt first read this letter, he was too preoccupied with events in Europe to be bothered with such ideas. He at the time did not take the creation of such weapon to seriously, nor did he believe America had the resources for such a task. (2) Finally, on October 19, 1939 President RooseveltRead MoreNuclear Weapons Should Be Carried Out1991 Words   |  8 PagesThe definition of a weapon of mass destruction is a chemical, biological or radioactive weapon capable of causing widespread death and destruction (Farlex).Nuclear weapons are the most destructive weapons the world has ever seen. They get their explosive power from transforming matter into energy. Nuclear weapons are classified a s chemical, biological and radioactive weapons of mass destruction (FBI). Many people have venture in that their sizable power used during wars could destroy human developmentRead MoreThe Advanced Technology Of World War I1634 Words   |  7 Pagesnew advancements changed the future of warfare. Themes about WWI the paper will include are weapons, vehicles, aircraft, ships, the frontline and support. For my first source I used information from an online source. The article, â€Å"12 Technological Advancements of World War I† includes some weapons, vehicles and support used during WWI. It is relevant because it provides detailed summaries of certain weapons and technology that is essential in creating this paper. Included in the article is informationRead More Race for Nuclear Arms and Power1908 Words   |  8 Pages(1884-1972) was the most influential person in the race for the super bomb. As President Roosevelt’s Vice President, he knew nothing about the development of the atomic bomb. But within months of assuming the office of President of the United States on April 12, 1945, he became the first and only American leader to authorize the use of atomic weapons against an enemy target. Truman’s era only marked the beginning of the race for nuclear weapons. The development of nuclear weapons is still an issueRead MoreThe Weapons Of Nuclear Weapons2078 Words   |  9 PagesDestruction of Nuclear Weapons The power of nuclear weapons has prompted nations to attempt to control both the spread and use of these weapons. Countries who own these weapons of mass destruction are at risk for accidents and being targeted by other countries for being a threat. Nuclear weapons can cause harm to civilians because of how powerful the explosion tends to be. Many countries have a large stockpile of nuclear weapons. The costs of these weapons are very high and the weapons are also extremelyRead MoreScience And War : Science Or War Essay2162 Words   |  9 Pagesmade a weapon and utilized that as a part of Vietnam war. After that, I viewed a few documentaries of World War I and World War II where there was a radical utilization of science and innovation in war. Weapon of pulverization is made with the assistance of science to decimate and demolish each other. This subject truly captivates me. How the experiments and research were done by the science was utilized to make a weapon of mass devastation . In many wars, the innovation and experiments created and conductedRead MoreCommunism, Democracy, And Capitalism3017 Words   |  13 PagesJohn F. Kennedy, September 25, 1961 The cold war was a violent clashing of ideology, communism was battling with democracy. It was one of the most emotionally charged war, and time, in American, and possible the globes history. There was great fear of a global nuclear conflict, that would leave thousands dead, and essentially ending the world as we had ever know it. I will cover the history that is the cold war, and delve into the philosophies of the two main nations involved. I will be comparing

Sharecropping Free Essays

I wanted to learn more about it. I realized that most freedmen could earn a better living for themselves and family by sharecropping. After slavery ended many of them had no money, food, or shelter to support them. We will write a custom essay sample on Sharecropping or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also I thought about how much America has changed, since the industrial revolution. I don’t know anyone who does agricultural work anymore, but I know there are still a few. Most of the work that is needed to be done now for agricultural work has been taken over by machines. Antonio Vivaldi, George Frederic Handel, and Johann Sebastian Bach were all great music composers. Although they’re all are quite famous, Vivaldi was one of the greatest. There are some differences between the composers that make them all unique. Vivaldi played the violin while Handel and Bach both played the organ. Vivaldi and Handel both are Italian and Bach is German. This source of different backgrounds is what makes their music style different. Vivaldi grew up being a part f the priesthood, and Bach grew up not having very many people like him because of the way he saw things. Handel combined the Italian style with a unique French melody and created his own kind of music. Although there are many differences between these composers, they all were not famous during the time they were alive. Bach and Vivaldi were known more as a performer rather than as a composer because of the way they performed. All of these composers produced a style of their own, In a way to please and slut there audience. How to cite Sharecropping, Papers

Investor reaction to accounting misstatement - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Investor reaction to accounting misstatement. Answer: 16 January 2018 Mr. Christopher Sampson The managing Director Beachlife Ltd. Level 7, 927 William Street, Brisbane QLD 4000 Dear Christopher I would like to thank you for your prompt response through e-mail. As we always provided you with the best possible solutions, this time also we will assist you in making the decisions regarding the raised issues. We further assure you that the solutions will be complied with the Corporation Act, IFRS and AASB. Yu may be aware of the fact that the intangible assets are not physical by nature. Some of the examples of intangible assets are trademarks, patents, business methodologies, brand recognition and goodwill. The intangible assets can have definite period of life or indefinite period of life. As the procedure for intangible asset valuation like brand recognition valuation is not easy, it requires definite and solid methodology for the purpose of valuation. Further, in case of internally generated intangible asset the asset is not recognized until it is sold. As per Para 63 of IAS 38 and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) brand recognition is the ability of the consumers to identify the brand from distinctive logo or artistic symbol. It also raise the customers expectation with regard to the product quality and assist the company to accumulate the companys attributes and and can campaign for the product accordingly. As the intangible asset like brand are not dealt in regu lar market, various issues generated for valuing the brand. It is further identified that the amount paid as the brand value are generally less as compared to the actual worth of the brand. For example, in the stated issue though the directors want to recognize $ 800,000 with respect to the Sun n Surf Shirts brand, at the time of selling the brand they may get offer for only $ 600,000. For recognizing the internally generated asset like brand, three options are there through which the brand can be recognized in the financial statement in accordance with the efficiencies, effectiveness, integrity and objectivity. As per the options the brand that is externally acquired shall be accounted as goodwill under the financial statement of purchasing company. In accordance with AASB 138 on Recognition of intangible assets, the intangible asset can only be recognized when its value can be measured reliably and the future economic attributes are expected to be attributed to the company. In the given issue stated by you, as Sun n Surf Shirts brands value reliably cannot be measured and the brand has no definite useful life, it cannot be recognised in the companys financial asset. However, it can be disclosed through notes to financial statements. Regarding the 2nd issue we would like to state that AASB 118 Revenue, revenue shall be recognized while it is probable that the upcoming economic benefits will be the inflow for company and the benefits can be reliably measured. Further, the revenue shall be recognized from the below mentioned events and transactions Rendering of the services Sale of the goods Using of companys dividends, royalties and interest yielding assets by others. Further, as per the AASB 137 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, the provision is the amount kept aside by the company for meeting the future obligation. Main purpose of the provision is to adjust the current year balance and make it appropriate. Provisions are recorded as current liability under the balance sheet and under the income statement as expense. For creating the provision the obligation shall be probable and it must be at the future date with regard to the date of balance sheet and the obligation shall be legal or constructive obligation. on the other hand the contingent liability is the expected liability that may occur owing to the uncertain event. If the amount of contingent liability can be estimated reliably and the chances of occurring the event is high then the liability is accounted as expenses or loss under the income statement and as liability in the balance sheet. In the given issue stated by you, for selling of equipment by Beachlife Ltd to Goodsports Ltd the seller was obliged to provide maintenance of equipment for 1st year after sales and the maintenance charge was $ 7,500. However, Goodsposts Ltd is entitled to 15% refund of the purchase amount that is ($ 900,000 * 15%) = $ 13,500 if they are not satisfied with the maintenance service of Beachlife. Therefore, the transaction shall be treated by the company recording the sales under income statement at $ 90,000 as the sales taken place as per the AASB 118 and the payment for which is to be received on 30th December that is in the same accounting period. Moreover, as the maintenance charge is the obligation for your company and the amount can be reliably estimated at $ 7,500, this amount shall be accounted as provision in the income statement and current liability in balance sheet. Further, as there is no established probability for the contingent liability amounting to $ 13,500 it shall b e disclosed through notes to the financial statement rather than including it to the financial statement. In case of any doubt or query regarding the issues, you can always contact me in our official contact number or through e-mail. Yours sincerely Ms. Lisa Magenta Manager Magenta and Associates Copy Stewart Hudson Enc Letter Writing Handout Bibliography Bond, D., Govendir, B. and Wells, P., 2016. An evaluation of asset impairment decisions by Australian firms and whether this was impacted by AASB 136. Goodwin, J., Atilgan, Y., Simsir, S.A. and Ahmed, K., 2016. Investor reaction to accounting misstatements under IFRS: Australian evidence. Picker, R., Clark, K., Dunn, J., Kolitz, D., Livne, G., Loftus, J. and Van der Tas, L., 2016.Applying international financial reporting standards. John Wiley Sons. Sinclair, R.N. and Keller, K.L., 2014. A case for brands as assets: Acquired and internally developed.Journal of Brand Management,21(4), pp.286-302. Tysiac, K., 2015. FASB delays revenue recognition effective date by one year.Journal of Accountancy. Wagenhofer, A., 2014. The role of revenue recognition in performance reporting.Accounting and Business Research,44(4), pp.349-379.

Social Media Book Radical Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Social Media Book for Radical Marketing? Answer: Micro environmental audit - SWOT analysis Strengths Weaknesses There is a wide gamut of products available for sale Asian and European markets have huge potentials Access to competitors operational. market and financial statements Competitors also have a wide range of products to offer Competitors also opportunities of exploiting huge potentials of the market (Hopkins and Turner, 2012) Presence of a large number of competitors and products lead to market saturation Opportunities Threats There are opportunities of forecasting future trends in terms of selling price, sales revenue and profit margins There are opportunities of modifying strategies and activities as per market forecasts (Hill and Rifkin, 1999) Competitors intentions and activities can be anticipated to a considerable extent Product designs can be modifies as per market outlooks and changing needs and requirements of customers Future market trends can be anticipated on the part of the competitors Competitors can modify objectives and strategies according to future market trends Competitors may try to get access of well established markets Product designs can be easily imitated and copied Macro environmental audit - PESTEL analysis Factors Explanation Political European and Asian countries are politically stable and encourage free trade. This in turn provides market development opportunities. Economic With the global economy recovering from recession at a considerable pace, consumers of Europe and Asia now have more disposable income in their hands. This in turn provides opportunities of increasing sales, profit margins and market share of the company (Hopkins and Turner, 2012). Interest rates vary from country to country and have direct impact on production costs and long term profit. Hence, it is an imperative to analyze interest rates at frequent intervals throughout the year so that appropriate pricing decisions can be taken. Social Social and cultural aspects of Asia and Europe are different to a great degree and have their respective influences on the purchasing behaviors of the customers. Product development and designing need to take in to consideration, these cultural differences so as to avoid degradation in perceives value. Technological Technological factors associated with Europe and Asia depicts that both Asian and European consumers are fond of high battery life and compact design. Customers of Europe prefer photo and video features and premium display features and customers of Asia prefer additional memory, security and navigation features (Hopkins and Turner, 2012). Due to prevailing cultural differences, designs need to be selected on the basis of specific preferences of customers of these two nations. Environmental Environmental considerations are important both in Europe and Asia and have become one of the parameters of judging organizational reputation. Hence, in order to increase brand value and reputation, participation in CSR activities is an imperative (Greenberg, 2010). Legal There are certain differences in the legal rules and regulations prevailing in the countries that constitute Asia and Europe in context to manufacturing and selling business. These differences in legal aspects need to be taken in to considerations and appropriate strategies are required to be developed on the basis of the differences. Critical success factors Critical success factors Explanations Pricing efficiency Competitive advantage can be successfully attained by charging high price against superior quality. Prices are charged as per demand and supply dynamics prevailing in the Asian and European market (Sovany, 2011). Cost management efficiency Efficient cost management strategies in the forms of management of cash and inventories are to be formulated and implemented irrespective of the sales and profit margin figures. Cash management initiatives include safe keeping of cash and bank reconciliations Inventory management initiatives include. Market research Market research is to involve better understandings regarding market trends on an yearly basis (Bodner and Cohen, 2012) Market research is done in such a way that marketing, advertisement, production and R D costs can be estimated in more or less accurate manners Competitive advantage Competitor advantage can be attained in an effective and efficient manner through improved customer service during and after sales. This can also be done through lengthy warranty periods, increased frequency of price reductions and innovative sales promotion and advertisement initiatives Market planning Planning elements Aims Objectives Performance indicators R D Quality improvement simultaneously with cost management through improving economics of scale Making an investment of 200000 towards research and development initiatives Market share and sales revenue figures Product Production of a range of products with specific magnitudes of quality for catering to a range of customers Making an investment of 150000 towards new product development Low to high end customer satisfaction levels (Rowles, 2008) Marketing Putting innovative marketing and promotional strategies for gaining competitive advantage (Pasqua and Elkin, 2013) Making an investment of 800000 towards marketing and promotional campaigns and social media engagement Market penetration and expansion levels Finance Concentrating expenses on sales promotion and savings on fixed costs Improvement in net profit margin from 5% to 10% within the current year Share price levels Marketing strategy Product name Product strategy Pricing strategy Positioning strategy Promotion strategy Product 1 This product was introduced in the European and Asian market as a high end product and targeted towards high end customers. All the features included in this product are of superior quality (Safko, 2010) This product was initially over priced in the European market and the same has later been brought down to good value price. In Asian market, a premium price is charged against this product due to lesser degree of market saturation Positioned as premium quality for premium customers Social media, promotional campaigns television and newspapers. Product 2 This product was first introduced as a mid range product and later converted to low end product with modifications in certain features. This product has got highest sales. The product was launched at a mid range supporting price and later price was reduced so as to keep pace with increasing demand and to cater to the needs and to cater to the needs and requirements of low end customers. Positioned as value for money for valuable customers Social media, television and newspapers. Product 3 This product was also a mid range product initially in both European and Asian markets and later converted to low end product through some feature based changes. This product contributes to second highest sale The price of this product was reduced from that of its initial launch in both with a view to satisfy low end customers (Sovany, 2011). Positioned as price less features at price less value Social media and television. Product 4 This again a premium product with premium features and price and targeted towards households of Europe and Asia. The price of the product was kept premium with no reductions. Premium prices have been maintained both in Asian and European market. Positioned as cutting edge technology for premium customers Social media, promotional campaigns television and newspapers. Product 5 This product has been featured again as a mid range product in both the markets. The price of this product has been kept slightly higher in Asia owing to the fact that market growth rate in Asia is slightly higher than in Europe Positioned as affordable by all payable by all . Social media, newspapers and television. Product 6 This product was launched as a good value product in both Asia and Europe. This product has been launched targeting the households and specifically to gain competitive advantage in the market. The price of this product has been kept to the level of mid range so that the same can provide tough competition to the rivals are the rivals are forced to reducing prices (Sovany, 2011). Positioned as love your phone, love your money. Social media, promotional campaigns and television. References Bodnar, K. and Cohen, J., 2012. The B2B social media book. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Greenberg, P., 2010. CRM at the speed of light. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hill, S. and Rifkin, G., 1999. Radical marketing. New York, N.Y.: HarperBusiness. Hopkins, J. and Turner, J., 2012. Go mobile. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Pasqua, R. and Elkin, N., 2013. Mobile marketing. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Rowles, D., 2008. Mobile marketing. Safko, L., 2010. The social media bible. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Sobhany, R., 2011. Mobilize. Philadelphia: Vanguard Press.